Criteria Specification (CSpec) Registry is intended to provide access to the Criteria Specifications used and applied by ClinGen Variant Curation Expert Panels and biocurators in the classification of variants.
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Criteria & Strength Specifications
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PVS1 | ||||
Original ACMG Summary
Null variant (nonsense, frameshift, canonical +/−1 or 2 splice sites, initiation codon, single or multi-exon deletion) in a gene where loss of function (LOF) is a known mechanism of disease.
Caveats: • Beware of genes where LOF is not a known disease mechanism (e.g. GFAP, MYH7). • Use caution interpreting LOF variants at the extreme 3’ end of a gene. • Use caution with splice variants that are predicted to lead to exon skipping but leave the remainder of the protein intact. • Use caution in the presence of multiple transcripts. Stand Alone
Very Strong
Per ClinGen SVI guidelines with the exception of canonical splice sites. Strong
Per modified CDH1 PVS1 decision tree. Other CDH1 caveats:
Moderate
Per modified CDH1 PVS1 decision tree. Other CDH1 caveats:
Supporting
Per ClinGen SVI guidelines
Instructions:
RNA analysis is recommended for splicing alterations, and if the RNA evidence does not support the prediction, the strength should be updated. Not Applicable
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PS1 | ||||
Original ACMG Summary
Same amino acid change as a previously established pathogenic variant regardless of nucleotide change.
Example: Val->Leu caused by either G>C or G>T in the same codon. Caveat: Beware of changes that impact splicing rather than at the amino acid/protein level. Stand Alone
Very Strong
Strong
Per original ACMG/AMP guidelines. Moderate
Supporting
Instructions:
Variant must not impact splicing. Not Applicable
Comments:
Not applicable for CDH1.
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PS2 | ||||
Original ACMG Summary
De novo (both maternity and paternity confirmed) in a patient with the disease and no family history.
Note: Confirmation of paternity only is insufficient. Egg donation, surrogate motherhood, errors in embryo transfer, etc. can contribute to non-maternity. Stand Alone
Very Strong
≥Two patients with DGC &/or LBC w/ parental confirmation. Strong
One patient with DGC &/or LBC w/ parental confirmation. Moderate
Supporting
Instructions:
Use ClinGen’s de novo point system for a highly specific phenotype (see Table S2). Not Applicable
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PS3 | ||||
Original ACMG Summary
Well-established in vitro or in vivo functional studies supportive of a damaging effect on the gene or gene product.
Note: Functional studies that have been validated and shown to be reproducible and robust in a clinical diagnostic laboratory setting are considered the most well-established. Stand Alone
Very Strong
Strong
RNA assay demonstrating abnormal out-of-frame transcripts. Moderate
Supporting
RNA assay demonstrating abnormal in-frame transcripts.
Instructions:
This rule can only be applied to demonstrate splicing defects. Not Applicable
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PS4 | ||||
Original ACMG Summary
The prevalence of the variant in affected individuals is significantly increased compared to the prevalence in controls.
Note 1: Relative risk (RR) or odds ratio (OR), as obtained from case-control studies, is >5.0 and the confidence interval around the estimate of RR or OR does not include 1.0. See manuscript for detailed guidance. Note 2: In instances of very rare variants where case-control studies may not reach statistical significance, the prior observation of the variant in multiple unrelated patients with the same phenotype, and its absence in controls, may be used as moderate level of evidence. Stand Alone
Very Strong
Sixteen families meet HDGC criteria. Strong
Four families meet HDGC criteria. Moderate
Two families meet HDGC criteria. Supporting
One family meets HDGC criteria.
Instructions:
This rule assumes 30% penetrance in individuals with pathogenic variants. For example, if the variant in observed in 3 families, at least one of those families need to meet criteria for HDGC in order to apply this rule. PS4 cannot be applied to variants that meet BS1 or BA1. Not Applicable
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PM1 | ||||
Original ACMG Summary
Located in a mutational hot spot and/or critical and well-established functional domain (e.g. active site of an enzyme) without benign variation.
Stand Alone
Very Strong
Strong
Moderate
Supporting
Not Applicable
Comments:
Do not use for this gene.
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PM2 | ||||
Original ACMG Summary
Absent from controls (or at extremely low frequency if recessive) in Exome Sequencing Project, 1000 Genomes or Exome Aggregation Consortium.
Caveat: Population data for indels may be poorly called by next generation sequencing. Stand Alone
Very Strong
Strong
Moderate
<One out of 100,000 alleles in gnomAD cohort; if present in >2 individuals, must be present in <One out of 50,000 alleles within a sub-population. Supporting
Instructions:
Use gnomAD to determine allele frequency. The mean coverage of CDH1 in the population database used should be at least 30x. Not Applicable
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PM3 | ||||
Original ACMG Summary
For recessive disorders, detected in trans with a pathogenic variant
Note: This requires testing of parents (or offspring) to determine phase. Stand Alone
Very Strong
Strong
Moderate
Supporting
Not Applicable
Comments:
Does not apply to this gene.
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PM4 | ||||
Original ACMG Summary
Protein length changes due to in-frame deletions/insertions in a non-repeat region or stop-loss variants.
Stand Alone
Very Strong
Strong
Moderate
Per original ACMG/AMP guidelines. Supporting
Instructions:
No rule specification proposed. Variant example - CDH1 c.2647T>C (p.Ter883Glnext*29). Not Applicable
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PM5 | ||||
Original ACMG Summary
Novel missense change at an amino acid residue where a different missense change determined to be pathogenic has been seen before.
Example: Arg156His is pathogenic; now you observe Arg156Cys. Caveat: Beware of changes that impact splicing rather than at the amino acid/protein level. Stand Alone
Very Strong
Strong
Moderate
Supporting
Instructions:
The nonsense or frameshift variant must not impact splicing based on RNA assay or splicing predictions. Not Applicable
Comments:
Do not use rule at this time.
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PM6 | ||||
Original ACMG Summary
Assumed de novo, but without confirmation of paternity and maternity.
Stand Alone
Very Strong
≥Four patients with DGC &/or LBC w/o parental confirmation. Strong
≥Two patients with DGC &/or LBC w/o parental confirmation. Moderate
One patient with DGC &/or LBC w/o parental confirmation. Supporting
Instructions:
Use ClinGen’s de novo point system for a highly specific phenotype (See Table S2). Not Applicable
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PP1 | ||||
Original ACMG Summary
Co-segregation with disease in multiple affected family members in a gene definitively known to cause the disease.
Note: May be used as stronger evidence with increasing segregation data. Stand Alone
Very Strong
Strong
≥Seven meioses across ≥2 families. Moderate
Five-six informative meioses across ≥1 family. Supporting
Three-four informative meioses across ≥1 family.
Instructions:
Based strength of rule code on number of meioses across one or more families. Not Applicable
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PP2 | ||||
Original ACMG Summary
Missense variant in a gene that has a low rate of benign missense variation and where missense variants are a common mechanism of disease.
Stand Alone
Very Strong
Strong
Moderate
Supporting
Not Applicable
Comments:
Do not use rule at this time.
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PP3 | ||||
Original ACMG Summary
Multiple lines of computational evidence support a deleterious effect on the gene or gene product (conservation, evolutionary, splicing impact, etc.).
Caveat: As many in silico algorithms use the same or very similar input for their predictions, each algorithm should not be counted as an independent criterion. PP3 can be used only once in any evaluation of a variant. Stand Alone
Very Strong
Strong
Moderate
Variants affecting the same splice site as a well-characterized variant with similar or worse in silico/ RNA predictions. Supporting
At least three in silico splicing predictors in agreement (.Human Splicing Finder (HSF), Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt), Berkeley Drosophilia Genome Project (BDGP), or ESEfinder).
Instructions:
Rule code is only for non-canonical splicing variants. Code also does not apply to last nucleotide of exon 3 (c.387G). Do not use protein-based computational prediction models for missense variants. Not Applicable
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PP4 | ||||
Original ACMG Summary
Patient’s phenotype or family history is highly specific for a disease with a single genetic etiology.
Stand Alone
Very Strong
Strong
Moderate
Supporting
Not Applicable
Comments:
Use PS4 in place of PP4.
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PP5 | ||||
Original ACMG Summary
Reputable source recently reports variant as pathogenic, but the evidence is not available to the laboratory to perform an independent evaluation.
Not Applicable
This criterion is not for use as recommended by the ClinGen Sequence Variant Interpretation VCEP Review Committee.
PubMed : 29543229
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BA1 | ||||
Original ACMG Summary
Allele frequency is above 5% in Exome Sequencing Project, 1000 Genomes or Exome Aggregation Consortium.
Stand Alone
MAF cutoff of 0.2%. Very Strong
Strong
Moderate
Supporting
Instructions:
99.99% CI; subpopulation must have a minimum of five alleles present. Not Applicable
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BS1 | ||||
Original ACMG Summary
Allele frequency is greater than expected for disorder.
Stand Alone
Very Strong
Strong
MAF cutoff of 0.1%. Moderate
Supporting
Instructions:
99.99% CI; sub population must have a minimum of five alleles present. Not Applicable
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BS2 | ||||
Original ACMG Summary
Observed in a healthy adult individual for a recessive (homozygous), dominant (heterozygous), or X-linked (hemizygous) disorder, with full penetrance expected at an early age.
Stand Alone
Very Strong
Strong
Variant seen in ≥10 individuals w/o DCG, SRC tumors, or LBC & whose families do not suggest HDGC. Moderate
Supporting
Variant seen in ≥3 individuals w/o DCG, SRC tumors, or LBC & whose families do not suggest HDGC.
Instructions:
We allow a variant to reach a likely benign classification based on BS2 alone. BS2 cannot be applied to variants in which more than 30% of reported individuals meet HDGC criteria. Not Applicable
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BS3 | ||||
Original ACMG Summary
Well-established in vitro or in vivo functional studies show no damaging effect on protein function or splicing.
Stand Alone
Very Strong
Strong
Functional RNA studies demonstrating no impact on transcript composition. Moderate
Supporting
Instructions:
This rule can only be used to demonstrate lack of splicing and can be downgraded based on quality of data. Not Applicable
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BS4 | ||||
Original ACMG Summary
Lack of segregation in affected members of a family.
Caveat: The presence of phenocopies for common phenotypes (i.e. cancer, epilepsy) can mimic lack of segregation among affected individuals. Also, families may have more than one pathogenic variant contributing to an autosomal dominant disorder, further confounding an apparent lack of segregation. Stand Alone
Very Strong
Strong
Per original ACMG/AMP guidelines. Moderate
Supporting
Instructions:
Beware of the presence of phenocopies (e.g., breast cancer) that can mimic lack of segregation. Also, families may have more than one pathogenic variant contributing to another AD disorder. Not Applicable
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BP1 | ||||
Original ACMG Summary
Missense variant in a gene for which primarily truncating variants are known to cause disease.
Stand Alone
Very Strong
Strong
Moderate
Supporting
Not Applicable
Comments:
Does not apply to this gene.
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BP2 | ||||
Original ACMG Summary
Observed in trans with a pathogenic variant for a fully penetrant dominant gene/disorder or observed in cis with a pathogenic variant in any inheritance pattern.
Stand Alone
Very Strong
Strong
Variant observed in trans w/known pathogenic variant (phase confirmed) OR observed in the homozygous state in individual w/o personal &/or family history of DGC, LBC, or SRC tumors. Moderate
Supporting
Variant is observed in cis (or phase is unknown) w/ a pathogenic variant.
Instructions:
Evidence code is dependent on strength of data. Take consideration of quality of sequencing data when applying code. Note that code requires knowledge of individuals’ phenotype. Therefore, data from population databases should only be used when phenotypic info is available. Not Applicable
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BP3 | ||||
Original ACMG Summary
In frame-deletions/insertions in a repetitive region without a known function.
Stand Alone
Very Strong
Strong
Moderate
Supporting
Not Applicable
Comments:
Do not use rule at this time.
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BP4 | ||||
Original ACMG Summary
Multiple lines of computational evidence suggest no impact on gene or gene product (conservation, evolutionary, splicing impact, etc)
Caveat: As many in silico algorithms use the same or very similar input for their predictions, each algorithm cannot be counted as an independent criterion. BP4 can be used only once in any evaluation of a variant. Stand Alone
Very Strong
Strong
Moderate
Supporting
Splicing predictions only. At least three in silico splicing predictors in agreement (Human Splicing Finder (HSF), Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt), Berkeley Drosophilia Genome Project (BDGP), or ESEfinder).
Instructions:
This rule can only be used when splicing predictions models suggest no impact on protein. Do not use protein based computational prediction models for missense variants. Not Applicable
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BP5 | ||||
Original ACMG Summary
Variant found in a case with an alternate molecular basis for disease.
Stand Alone
Very Strong
Strong
Moderate
Supporting
Per original ACMG/AMP guidelines.
Instructions:
This applies if a P/LP variant is identified in an alternate gene known to cause HDGC (currently only CTNNA1). Not Applicable
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BP6 | ||||
Original ACMG Summary
Reputable source recently reports variant as benign, but the evidence is not available to the laboratory to perform an independent evaluation.
Not Applicable
This criterion is not for use as recommended by the ClinGen Sequence Variant Interpretation VCEP Review Committee.
PubMed : 29543229
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BP7 | ||||
Original ACMG Summary
A synonymous variant for which splicing prediction algorithms predict no impact to the splice consensus sequence nor the creation of a new splice site AND the nucleotide is not highly conserved.
Stand Alone
Very Strong
Strong
Moderate
Supporting
Synonymous variants where nucleotide is not highly conserved; variant is the reference nucleotide in one primate and/or >3 mammal species.
Instructions:
Note the CDH1 rule specification does not require a benign in silico splice prediction. This allows use with BP4, as appropriate, to classify variants meeting both criteria as likely benign. Not Applicable
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